Conscience is an
aptitude,
faculty,
intuition, or judgment of the
intellect that distinguishes right from wrong.
Moral evaluations of this type may reference values or
norms (principles and rules). In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of
remorse when a human does things that go against his/her
moral values, and to feelings of
rectitude or
integrity when actions conform to such
norms.
[1] The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such
moral judgments are, or should be, based wholly in
reason has occasioned debate through much of the history of
Western philosophy.
[2]
Religious views of conscience usually see it as linked to a morality inherent in all humans, to a beneficent universe and/or to
divinity. The diverse ritualistic, mythical, doctrinal, legal, institutional and material features of religion, may not necessarily cohere with experiential, emotive,
spiritual or
contemplative considerations about the origin and operation of conscience.
[3] Common
secular or
scientific views regard the capacity for conscience as probably
genetically determined, with its subject matter probably learned, or
imprinted (like language) as part of a
culture.
[4]
Commonly used metaphors for conscience include the "voice within" and the "inner light".
[5] Conscience, as is detailed in sections below, is a major concept in national and international law,
[6] is increasingly conceived of as applying to the world as a whole,
[7] has motivated numerous notable acts for the public good
[8] and been the subject of many prominent examples of literature, music and film
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